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setting out

  • 1 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 2 profectiō

        profectiō ōnis, f    [pro+2 FAC-], a going away, setting out, departure: mea: profectionem parare, to prepare for setting out, Cs.: repentina in Oretanos, L.: pecuniae, i. e. source.
    * * *

    Latin-English dictionary > profectiō

  • 3 profectio

    prŏfectĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].
    I.
    Lit., a going away, setting out, departure (class.): profectione laeti, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

    profectio et reversio alicujus,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1: profectionem parare, to prepare for setting out, Caes B. C. 1, 27. Cethegi profectio in Hispaniam, Cic. Sull. 25, 70; id. Fam. 2, 16, 6; Liv 2, 14; 38, 59.—
    II.
    Transf., of things, the source whence any thing is obtained:

    profectio ipsius pecuniae requiratur,

    Cic. Clu. 30, 82.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > profectio

  • 4 ā

       ā    (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad).    I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of.    A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.—    B. Without motion.    1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.—    2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.—    II. Fig.    A. Of time.    1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.—    2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.—    B. In other relations.    1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.—    2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.—    3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.—    4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.—    5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.—    6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.—    7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).—    8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.—    9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō.
    * * *
    I
    Ah!; (distress/regret/pity, appeal/entreaty, surprise/joy, objection/contempt)
    II
    by (agent), from (departure, cause, remote origin/time); after (reference)
    III
    ante, abb. a.

    in calendar expression a. d. = ante diem -- before the day

    Latin-English dictionary > ā

  • 5 orno

    orno, āvi, ātum, 1 (old form of the perf. ORNAVET, Column. Rostr.; v. infra), v. a. [perh. root var-, cover; Sanscr. varna-, color], to fit out, furnish, provide with necessaries; to equip, to get ready, prepare (class.; syn. exorno, concinno).
    I.
    In gen.:

    age nunc, orna te,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 10:

    prandium domi,

    id. Rud. 1, 2, 53: ornatur ferro Enn. ap. Gell. 16, 10 (Ann. v. 190 Vahl.):

    aliquem armis,

    Verg. A. 12, 344:

    decemviros apparitoribus, scribis, librariis, praeconibus, architectis, praeterea mulis, tabernaculis, centuriis, supellectili,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 32:

    aliquem pecuniā,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 21, 3: CLASESQVE-NAVALES-PRIMOS-ORNAVET, fitted out, Column. Rostr.:

    maximas classes,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 30:

    naves,

    id. 40, 26:

    convivium,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 44:

    copias omnibus rebus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20:

    provincias,

    to furnish money, arms, and attendants to governors setting out for their provinces, id. Att. 3, 24, 1; id. ib. 4, 18, 2; Liv. 40, 36, 5; so,

    consules,

    id. ib. —Hence, to trim, provide with oil:

    lampades,

    Vulg. Matt. 25, 7.—
    II.
    In partic., to ornament, adorn, embellish, deck, set off.
    A.
    Lit.:

    Italiam ornare quam domum suam, maluit: quamquam, Italiā ornatā, domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

    Cic. Off. 2, 22, 76:

    scuta ad forum ornandum,

    Liv. 9, 40:

    cornua sertis,

    Verg. A. 7, 488:

    monilia collum,

    Ov. M. 5, 52.—Of dressing the hair, Ov. Am. 1, 14, 5:

    capillos,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23; Prop. 1, 2, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., to adorn, decorate, set off; to commend, praise, extol; to honor, show honor to, distinguish:

    aliquid magnificentius augere atque ornare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 21, 94:

    seditiones ipsas,

    id. ib. 2, 28, 124:

    aliquem suis sententiis,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 11: dicere, laudandum adulescentem, ornandum, tollendum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1:

    civitatem omnibus rebus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 33:

    aliquem maximis beneficiis,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 5:

    aliquem laudibus,

    id. Phil. 2, 11, 25:

    egressum alicujus frequentiā suā,

    id. Pis. 13, 31:

    candidatum suffragio,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 8: aliquem ornare, to bestow honor upon, advance to honor, Cic. Fam. 1, 1:

    hederā poëtam,

    Verg. E. 7, 25.—Ironically:

    ornatus esses,

    would have been rewarded, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 22.—Hence, ornātus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Fitted out, furnished, provided with necessaries, equipped, accoutred, splendidly furnished (class.;

    syn.: instructus, praeditus): sapiens plurimis artibus instructus et ornatus,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 112:

    scutis telisque parati ornatique,

    id. Caecin. 21, 60:

    equus ornatus,

    Liv. 27, 19:

    elephantus,

    Nep. Hann. 3, 4:

    naves paratissimae, atque omni genere armorum ornatissimae,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    fundus,

    Cic. Quint. 31, 98:

    Graecia copiis non instructa solum, sed etiam ornata,

    not provided merely, but also splendidly furnished, id. Phil. 10, 4, 9.— Transf.:

    ingenio bono,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 89.—
    B.
    In partic., ornamented, adorned, decked, decorated, embellished, handsome, ornate:

    sepulcrum floribus ornatum,

    Cic. Fl. 38, 95.— Comp.:

    nihil ornatius,

    Cic. Sen. 16, 57.—Esp., adorned with all good qualities, excellent, distinguished, eminent, illustrious:

    lectissimus atque ornatissimus adulescens,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

    in dicendo,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 42; id. ib. 1, 11, 49:

    homo ornatissimus loco, ordine, nomine, virtute, ingenio, copiis,

    honored, respected, id. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 127:

    ornati elaboratique versus,

    embellished, id. Or. 11, 36:

    oratio,

    id. de Or. 1, 12, 50:

    locus ad dicendum ornatissimus,

    admirably adapted, id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1.—Hence, adv.: ornātē, with ornament, ornamentally, ornately, elegantly (class.):

    dicere,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53:

    apte, distincte, ornate dicere,

    id. Off. 1, 1, 2.— Comp.:

    causas agere ornatius,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1.— Sup.:

    causam ornatissime et copiosissime defendere,

    Cic. Brut. 5, 21.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > orno

  • 6 ōrnō

        ōrnō āvī, ātus, āre,    to fit out, furnish, provide, supply, equip, get ready, prepare: fugam, T.: quos ornaverat armis, V.: classīs, fit out: classis ornandae causā, L.: consulum provincias ornatas esse, i. e. the governors setting out for their provinces: uva Et nux ornabat mensas, H.—To ornament, adorn, embellish, deck, set off: Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: scuta ad forum ornandum, L.: cornua sertis, V.: capillos, O.: caput foliis ornatus, V.—Fig., to adorn, decorate, set off, commend, praise, extol, honor, dignify, distinguish: magnificentius ornare quae vellet: civitatem omnibus rebus, Cs.: me laudibus: eum ornasti, have promoted: hederā poëtam, V.: ornatus esses ex tuis virtutibus, would have been rewarded, T.
    * * *
    ornare, ornavi, ornatus V
    equip; dress; decorate, honor; furnish, adorn, garnish, trim

    Latin-English dictionary > ōrnō

  • 7 cōnscēnsiō

        cōnscēnsiō ōnis, f    [conscendo], an embarking: in navīs.
    * * *
    embarkation; setting out; ascending into (L+S); mounting up

    Latin-English dictionary > cōnscēnsiō

  • 8 explānātiō

        explānātiō ōnis, f    [explano], an explanation, interpretation: religionis. — Plur: interpretum: portentorum.—As a rhet. figure, C.
    * * *
    I
    exposition, setting out/enunciating clearly in words; explanation (Ecc)
    II

    Latin-English dictionary > explānātiō

  • 9 procinctualis

    procinctualis, procinctuale ADJ
    army-deploying; of the setting out of an army

    Latin-English dictionary > procinctualis

  • 10 procinctualis

    prōcinctŭālis, e, adj. [procinctus]. of or belonging to the setting out of an army (late Lat.):

    ornatus,

    Cassiod. Var. 6, 22.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > procinctualis

  • 11 exitus

    1.
    exĭtus, a, um, Part., from exeo, II.
    2.
    exĭtus, ūs, m. [exeo], a going out or forth, egress, departure (class., esp. in the trop. signif.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    reditum mihi gloriosum injuria tua dedit, non exitum calamitosum,

    Cic. Par. 4, 29:

    omni exitu et pabulatione interclusi,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 44 fin.:

    exitum sibi parere,

    id. B. C. 3, 69, 3.—In plur.:

    singulorum hominum occultos exitus asservare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 21, 4; 1, 25, 4. —Of things:

    introitusque elementis redditus exstat,

    Lucr. 6, 494:

    exitus ut classi felix faustusque daretur,

    a setting sail, departure, id. 1, 100:

    amnis,

    a flowing out, discharge, id. 6, 727: animaï (i. e. venti), a bursting or rushing out, id. 6, 586; cf. Quint. 1, 11, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., concr., way of egress, outlet, passage:

    exitum non habent, ac pervium non est,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 Müll.:

    cum angusto portarum exitu se ipsi premerent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 3:

    in exitu paludis,

    mouth, Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 226:

    cibi,

    vent, id. 11, 34, 40, § 116 et saep.:

    si de multis nullus placet exitus,

    Juv. 6, 33.—In plur.:

    insula undique exitus maritimos habet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

    septem exitus e domo fecerat,

    Liv. 39, 51, 5; Col. 6, 30, 8:

    alvorum,

    Plin. 21, 14, 48, § 82 et saep.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    A way out, an end, close, conclusion, termination (syn.: eventus, eventum).
    1.
    In gen.:

    hujus orationis difficilius est exitum quam principium invenire,

    end, close, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 3; cf.: quemadmodum expediam exitum hujus institutae orationis, non reperio, id. Fam. 3, 12, 2:

    exitus fuit orationis,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 8, 1:

    ut tragici poëtae, cum explicare argumenti exitum non potestis, confugitis ad deum,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:

    adducta ad exitum quaestio est,

    id. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; cf.:

    ad exitum pervenire,

    id. Fam. 10, 22, 2; id. Or. 33, 116:

    ita magnarum initia rerum celerem et facilem exitum habuerunt,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22 fin.:

    verba quae casus habent in exitu similes,

    at the end, Cic. Or. 49, 164; cf.

    in the foll.: fugam quaerebamus omnes, quae ipsa exitum non habebat,

    end, aim, id. Phil. 5, 16, 42:

    hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

    Hor. C. 3, 6, 6 et saep.:

    in exitu est meus consulatus,

    Cic. Mur. 37, 80; cf.: in exitu jam annus erat Liv. 35, 10, 1:

    superioris anni,

    id. 30, 26, 2:

    veris,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 170:

    oppugnationis,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 8:

    mimi, fabulae,

    the catastrophe, conclusion, Cic. Cael. 27, 65:

    vitae,

    end of life, latter end, Nep. Eum. 13; cf.:

    vitae mortisque,

    Vell. 2, 7, 1.—In plur.:

    tristes exitus habuit consulatus,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 128: eae causae sunt plenissimae, quae plurimos exitus dant ad ejusmodi degressionem, outlets, i. e. opportunities, id. de Or. 2, 77, 312: habent exitus aut in a aut in e, etc., Varr. L. L. 10, § 62 Müll.—
    2.
    In partic., end of life, end, death:

    natura ad humanum exitum (Romulum) abripuit,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16 fin.:

    duravere usque ad Sejani exitum,

    Plin. 8, 58, 74, § 197; Amm. 14, 11:

    exitus in dubio est,

    Ov. M. 12, 522:

    Thrasymachi,

    Juv. 7, 204:

    saevus et illum exitus eripuit,

    id. 10, 127; 271.—In plur.:

    nonnumquam bonos exitus habent boni,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:

    non igitur fatales exitus habuerunt,

    id. Div. 2, 9, 24.—
    3.
    A means, method, way, device, solution of a difficulty:

    cum autem exitus ab utroque datur conturbato errantique regi,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 63:

    non solum viam quaestus invenerunt, verum etiam exitum ac rationem defensionis,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 190:

    jam nullum fortunis communibus exitum reperietis,

    id. Dom. 47, 123.—
    B.
    Issue, result, event, i. q. eventus:

    si mihi alterutrum de eventu atque exitu rerum promittendum est,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 5:

    in unum exitum spectare,

    id. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

    videtur ad exitum venisse quaestio,

    id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 1, 3:

    neque exitum legis esse in meretrice publicanda,

    i. e. the law would be without proper effect, id. Inv. 2, 40, 118, v. the context:

    de exitu rerum sentire,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 52 fin.:

    incerto etiam nunc exitu victoriae,

    id. ib. 7, 62, 6:

    de exitu fortunarum suarum consultabant,

    id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 3, 8, 3; and:

    prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit deus,

    events, Hor. C. 3, 29, 29: ut quae rei publicae polliceremur, exitu praestaremus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3:

    exitum rei imponere,

    Liv. 37, 19, 1:

    quaestiones ad exitum perductae,

    id. 40, 19, 10:

    ad exitum spei pervenire,

    accomplishment, id. 5, 12, 4; so,

    serae exitum spei exspectare,

    id. 5, 6, 2:

    sine exitu esse,

    without result, id. 32, 40, 3.—In plur.:

    fortasse haec omnia meliores habebunt exitus,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

    quae (responsa haruspicum) aut nullos habuerint exitus aut contrarios,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 52:

    Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 34; cf.:

    (fortuna) Belli secundos reddidit exitus,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 38.—Prov.:

    exitus acta probat,

    the event justifies the deed, Ov. H. 2, 85.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exitus

  • 12 pes

    pēs, pĕdis, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. pād, foot, from root pad, ire; Gr. pod-, pous; Goth. fōt; old Germ. vuoz; Engl. foot], a foot of man or beast.
    I.
    Lit.:

    si pes condoluit,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

    calcei apti ad pedem,

    id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    nec manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra,

    id. Univ. 6:

    pede tellurem pulsare,

    i. e. to dance, Hor. C. 1, 37, 1; cf.:

    alterno pede terram quatere,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 7;

    4, 1, 27: pedis aptissima forma,

    Ov. Am. 3, 3, 7:

    aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

    are born feet first, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

    cycnum pedibus Jovis armiger uncis Sustulit,

    Verg. A. 9, 564; cf. id. ib. 11, 723: pedem ferre, to go or come, id. G. 1, 11:

    si in fundo pedem posuisses,

    set foot, Cic. Caecin. 11, 31: pedem efferre, to step or go out, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

    qui pedem portā non extulit,

    Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; 6, 8, 5:

    pedem portā non plus extulit quam domo suā,

    id. ib. 8, 2, 4: pedem limine efferre, id. Cael. 14, 34: pedem referre, revocare, retrahere, to go or come back, to return:

    profugum referre pedem,

    Ov. H. 15, 186; id. M. 2, 439.—Said even of streams:

    revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto,

    Verg. A. 9, 125:

    retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens,

    id. ib. 10, 307; cf. infra, II. H.: pedibus, on foot, afoot:

    cum ingressus iter pedibus sit,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34; Suet. Aug. 53.—

    Esp. in phrase: pedibus ire, venire, etc.: pedibus proficisci,

    Liv. 26, 19:

    pedibus iter conficere,

    id. 44, 5:

    quod flumen uno omnino loco pedibus transire potest,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 18:

    (Caesar) pedibus Narbonem pervenit,

    id. B. C. 2, 21:

    ut neque pedibus aditum haberent,

    id. B. G. 3, 12 init. —Rarely pede ire ( poet. and late Lat.):

    quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 66:

    Jordanem transmiserunt pede,

    Ambros. in Psa. 118, 165, n. 16.— Trop.:

    Bacchus flueret pede suo,

    i. e. wine unmixed with water, Auct. Aetn. 13; cf.:

    musta sub adducto si pede nulla fluant,

    Ov. P. 2, 9, 32, and II. H. infra.—Pregn., by land:

    cum illud iter Hispaniense pedibus fere confici soleat: aut si quis navigare velit, etc.,

    Cic. Vatin. 5, 12:

    seu pedibus Parthos sequimur, seu classe Britannos,

    Prop. 2, 20, 63 (3, 23, 5):

    ego me in pedes (conicio),

    take to my heels, make off, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 5.— Esp.: ad pedes alicui or alicujus, accidere, procidere, jacere, se abicere, se proicere, procumbere, etc., to approach as a suppliant, to fall at one's feet:

    ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    abjectā togā se ad generi pedes abiecit,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

    rex procidit ad pedes Achillei,

    Hor. Epod. 17, 14:

    vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis,

    Cic. Sest. 11, 26:

    filius se ad pedes meos prosternens,

    id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    tibi sum supplex, Nec moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes,

    Ov. H. 12, 186:

    cui cum se moesta turba ad pedes provolvisset,

    Liv. 6, 3, 4:

    ad pedes Caesaris provoluta regina,

    Flor. 4, 11, 9:

    (mater una) mihi ad pedes misera jacuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129; cf.:

    amplecti pedes potui,

    Ov. M. 9, 605:

    complector, regina, pedes,

    Luc. 10, 89:

    servus a pedibus,

    a footman, lackey, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: sub pedibus, under one's feet, i. e. in one's power, Verg. A. 7, 100; Liv. 34, 32: sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be or lie under one's feet, i. e. to be disregarded ( poet.):

    sors ubi pessima rerum, Sub pedibus timor est,

    Ov. M. 14, 490:

    amicitiae nomen Re tibi pro vili sub pedibusque jacet,

    id. Tr. 1, 8, 16: pedem opponere, to put one's foot against, i. e. to withstand, resist, oppose ( poet.), id. P. 4, 6, 8: pedem trahere, to drag one's foot, i. e. to halt, limp; said of scazontic verse, id. R. Am. 378: trahantur haec pedibus, may be dragged by the heels, i. e. may go to the dogs (class.):

    fratrem mecum et te si habebo, per me ista pedibus trahantur,

    Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10; id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: ante pedes esse or ante pedes posita esse, to lie before one's feet, i. e. before one's eyes, to be evident, palpable, glaring:

    istuc est sapere, non quod ante pedes modo est, Videre, sed etiam illa, quae futura sunt, Prospicere,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 32:

    transilire ante pedes posita, et alia longe repetita sumere,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160:

    omni pede stare,

    i. e. to use every effort, make every exertion, Quint. 12, 9, 18: nec caput nec pes, neither head nor foot, beginning nor end, no part:

    nec caput nec pes sermonum apparet,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139:

    garriet quoi neque pes neque caput conpareat,

    id. Capt. 3, 4, 81: tuas res ita contractas, ut, quemadmodum scribis, nec caput nec pedes, Curio ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

    ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae,

    Hor. A. P. 8:

    dixit Cato, eam legationem nec caput, nec pedes, nec cor habere,

    Liv. Epit. 50: pes felix, secundus, i. e. a happy or fortunate arrival:

    adi pede secundo,

    Verg. A. 8, 302:

    felix,

    Ov. F. 1, 514; cf.:

    boni pedis homo, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis,

    Aug. Ep. ad Max. Gram. 44.—So esp. pes dexter, because it was of good omen to move the right foot first;

    temples had an uneven number of steps, that the same foot might touch the first step and first enter the temple,

    Vitr. 3, 3; cf. Petr. 30:

    quove pede ingressi?

    Prop. 3 (4), 1, 6.—So the left foot was associated with bad omens; cf. Suet. Aug. 92 init.:

    pessimo pede domum nostram accessit,

    App. M. 6, 26, p. 184, 1; hence, dextro pede, auspiciously: quid tam dextro [p. 1363] pede concipis, etc., Juv. 10, 5: pedibus pecunia compensatur, said proverbially of distant lands purchased at a cheap rate, but which it costs a great deal to reach, Cato ap. Cic. Fl. 29, 72: a pedibus usque ad caput, from head to foot, all over (late Lat.; cf.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20), Aug. in Psa. 55, 20; 90, 1, 2 et saep.; cf.:

    a vestigio pedis usque ad verticem,

    Ambros. Offic. Min. 2, 22, 114.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Milit. t. t.: descendere ad pedes, to alight, dismount, of cavalry, Liv. 9, 22:

    pedibus merere,

    to serve on foot, as a foot-soldier, id. 24, 18:

    ad pedes pugna ierat,

    they fought on foot, id. 21, 46: pedem conferre, to come to close quarters:

    collato pede rem gerere,

    id. 26, 39; Cic. Planc. 19, 48.—
    2.
    Publicist's t. t.: pedibus ire in sententiam alicujus, to adopt one's opinion, take sides with one:

    cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

    Liv. 9, 8, 13; 5, 9, 2.—
    3.
    In mal. part.:

    pedem or pedes tollere, extollere (ad concubitum),

    Mart. 10, 81, 4; 11, 71, 8;

    hence the lusus verbb. with pedem dare and tollere,

    Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A foot of a table, stool, bench, etc., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 46:

    mensae sed erat pes tertius impar,

    Ov. M. 8, 661; cf.:

    pedem et nostrum dicimus, et lecti, et veli, ut carminis (v. in the foll.),

    Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2:

    tricliniorum,

    Plin. 34, 2, 4, § 9:

    subsellii,

    Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

    pes argenteus (mensae),

    Juv. 11, 128.—
    B.
    Pes veli, a rope attached to a sail for the purpose of setting it to the wind, a sheet:

    sive utrumque Juppiter Simul secundus incidisset in pedem,

    Cat. 4, 19:

    pede labitur aequo,

    i. e. before the wind, with the wind right aft, Ov. F. 3, 565:

    pedibus aequis,

    Cic. Att. 16, 6 init.; cf. also the passage quoted above from Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2; and:

    prolato pede, transversos captare Notos,

    id. Med. 322.— Hence, facere pedem, to veer out one sheet, to take advantage of a side wind, to haul the wind: una omnes fecere pedem;

    pariterque sinistros, Nunc dextros solvere sinus,

    Verg. A. 5, 830:

    prolatis pedibus,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.—
    C.
    The foot of a mountain (post-class.):

    Orontes imos pedes Casii montis praetermeans,

    Amm. 14, 8, 10 al. —
    D.
    Ground, soil, territory (post-class.):

    in Caesariensis pede,

    Sol. 3, 2:

    omnis Africa Zeugitano pede incipit,

    id. 27, 1; cf.:

    quamvis angustum pedem dispositio fecit habitabilem,

    Sen. Tranq. An. 10, 4.—
    E.
    The stalk or pedicle of a fruit, esp. of the grape, together with the husk:

    vinaceorum pes proruitur,

    Col. 12, 43; so id. 12, 36.—Of the olive, Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5: pes milvinus or milvi, the stalk or stem of the plant batis, Col. 12, 7.—Hence, as a name for several plants: pedes gallinacei, a plant:

    Capnos trunca, quam pedes gallinaceos vocant,

    Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155:

    pedes betacei,

    beetroots, Varr. R. R. 1, 27.—
    F.
    Pedes navales, rowers, sailors, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75.—
    G.
    The barrow of a litter, Cat. 10, 22.—
    H.
    Poet., of fountains and rivers: inde super terras fluit agmine dulci, Quā via secta semel liquido pede detulit undas, Lucr, 5, 272;

    6, 638: crepante lympha desilit pede,

    Hor. Epod. 16, 47:

    liquido pede labitur unda,

    Verg. Cul. 17:

    lento pede sulcat harenas Bagrada,

    Sil. 6, 140.—
    K.
    A metrical foot:

    ad heroum nos dactyli et anapaesti et spondei pedem invitas,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 82:

    pedibus claudere verba,

    to make verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28:

    musa per undenos emodulanda pedes,

    in hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 30:

    inque suos volui cogere verba pedes,

    id. Tr. 5, 12, 34.—
    2.
    A kind of verse, measure:

    et pede, quo debent fortia bella geri,

    Ov. Ib. 646:

    Lesbius,

    Hor. C. 4, 6, 35.—
    L.
    In music, time (postAug.), Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 6.—
    M.
    A foot, as a measure of length (class.):

    ne iste hercle ab istā non pedem discedat,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13:

    ab aliquo pedem discessisse,

    Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

    pedem e villā adhuc egressi non sumus,

    id. Att. 13, 16, 1:

    pes justus,

    Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—Hence, transf.: pede suo se metiri, to measure one's self by one's own foot-rule, i. e. by one's own powers or abilities, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98.—
    N.
    Pedes, lice; v. pedis.—
    O.
    The leg (late Lat.), in phrase: pedem frangere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 22, 3; id. Serm. 273, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pes

  • 13 dē-cēdō

        dē-cēdō cessī    （inf. dēcēsse, T.), cessus, ere, to go away, depart, withdraw, retire: de alterā parte (agri), Cs.: de praesidio: ex Galliā Romam: e pastu decedere campis, V.: Africā, S.: praesidio, L.: naves suo cursu, i. e. went out of their course, Cs.—To retire, withdraw, retreat, fall back, abandon a position: nisi decedat atque exercitum deducat, Cs.: inde, Cs.: Italiā. — Of a provincial magistrate, to retire, surrender (office): de provinciā decessit: ex Syriā: provinciā: te decessurum fuisse: Romam, S.: Romam ad triumphum, L.—To give place, make way, retire, yield: servo in viā Decesse populum, T.: serae nocti, i. e. at the approach of, V.: calori, to escape from, V.: canibus de viā, avoid: his omnes decedunt, avoid, Cs. —Fig., to depart, disappear, die: de vitā: ex ingratorum hominum conspectu morte, N.: cum pater familiae decessit, Cs.: in paupertate, N.— To depart, go off, abate, subside, cease: febres, N.: nuntiatum est aestum decedere, L.: De summā nihil decedet, be wanting, T.: de causā periculi nihil: quaestioni materia decessit, L.: Decedet iam ira haec, T.: neque Decedit aeratā triremi cura, H.: postquam invidia decesserat, S.—Poet.: sol decedens, setting, V.: lux, tarde decedere visa, O.: decedentia Tempora, passing seasons, H.—To depart from, give up, resign, forego, yield, swerve: de suis bonis: de meo iure: de sententiā: de foro, to retire from public life, N.: de scenā: de officio decessum, L.: iure suo, L.: poema si paulum summo decessit, has fallen short of, H.: cum (senatus) nihil a decretis decesserit.—To depart, deviate: de viā, i. e. from right: instituto suo, L.: fide, L.— To give way, yield: decede peritis, be guided by, H.: ubi non Hymetto Mella decedunt, are not inferior, H.

    Latin-English dictionary > dē-cēdō

  • 14 sē-cernō

        sē-cernō crēvī, crētus, ere,    to put apart, sunder, sever, part, divide, separate: stamen secernit harundo, O.: sparsos flores calathis, separate in baskets, O.: nihil (praedae) in publicum, setting apart for the public treasury, L.: Iuppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti, hath set apart, H.: patres centum denos in orbīs, divided, O.: se a bonis: Europen ab Afro, H.: inermīs ab armatis, L.: ex intestinis secretus a reliquo cibo sucus: me Nympharum chori Secernunt populo, H.: e grege alqm imperatorum, single out as pre-eminent, L.—Fig., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate: hosce homines, set apart: ut pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine, sic, etc.: sua a publicis consilia, L.: Publica privatis, sacra profanis, H.—To distinguish, discern: blandum amicum a vero: non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit: iusto iniquum, H.—To set aside, exclude, reject: in iudicibus legendis amicos meos: frugalissimum quemque.

    Latin-English dictionary > sē-cernō

  • 15 citer

    cĭter, tra, trum ( comp. citerior; sup. citimus; most freq. in comp.; in posit. only Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 589 and 999 P.; and Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 607 ib.), adj. [cis].
    I.
    On this side:

    citer agnus (ager) alligatus ad sacra erit, Cato ap. Prisc. pp. 599 and 989 P.: alter ulteriorem Galliam decernit cum Syriā, alter citeriorem,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 15, 36:

    citerior provincia (i. e. Gallia Cisalpina),

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

    in Galliā citeriore,

    id. ib. 1, 24; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Suet. Caes. 56:

    citerior Hispania,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; Cic. Att. 12, 37, 4; Nep. Cat. 2, 1; Plin. 3, 1, 2, § 6:

    Arabia,

    Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213:

    Oceanus,

    Flor. 4, 12, 46:

    ripa,

    Vell. 2, 107, 1.—
    II.
    As that which is on this side is nearer to us than its opposite, lying near, near, close to.
    A.
    In space:

    (stella) ultima a caelo, citima terris,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16; id. Univ. 7 fin.:

    citima Persidis (sc. loca),

    Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 213. —
    2.
    Trop.:

    deduc orationem tuam de caelo ad haec citeriora,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

    quantā animi tranquillitate humana et citeriora considerat,

    id. Tusc. 5, 25, 71:

    ut ad haec citeriora veniam et notiora nobis,

    id. Leg. 3, 2, 4:

    nam citeriora nondum audiebamus,

    id. Fam. 2, 12, 1; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1; 9, 12, 6:

    citerioris vitae minister,

    private, domestic, Amm. 14, 1, 7.—
    B.
    In time (post-Aug.), earlier, sooner:

    Africano consulatus citerior legitimo tempore datus est,

    Val. Max. 8, 15, 1; 6, 3, 11:

    in antiquius citeriusve,

    Vell. 1, 17, 2:

    citeriore die (opp. longiore),

    Dig. 23, 4, 15.—
    C.
    In measure or degree, small, little:

    citerior tamen est poena quam scelus,

    Quint. Decl. 299; Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 10.— Advv.: comp. cĭtĕrĭus, less:

    citerius debito resistere,

    Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 11; sup. cĭtĭmē, least, acc. to Prisc. p. 1016 P.—
    III.
    Hence,
    A.
    cī̆trā, adv. and prep. with acc., on this side, on the hither or nearer side (opp. to ultra; more freq. than cis, q. v.).
    1.
    Prop.
    (α).
    Adv.:

    (dextera) nec citra mota nec ultra,

    neither this way nor that, Ov. M. 5, 186; cf.:

    ultra citraque pervolare,

    Plin. 10, 23, 31, § 61:

    citra est Oglasa,

    id. 3, 6, 12, § 80; 6, 11, 12, § 30:

    citra fuere margines,

    id. 2, 17, 14, § 73.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    Germani qui essent citra Rhenum,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

    is locus est citra Leucadem stadia CXX.,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 2; so,

    citra Veliam,

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    citra mare,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 47:

    mare citra,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 31:

    citra flumen intercepti,

    Liv. 21, 48, 6:

    citra Tauri juga,

    id. 38, 48, 1 al. —

    With verbs of motion: ut exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem educeret,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 5:

    ut omnes citra flumen eliceret,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 8; Liv. 21, 54, 4; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106.—
    2.
    (Acc. to citer, II.) Of that which takes [p. 345] place, or is within a fixed boundary, and yet does not reach that boundary, within, beneath, short of, less than.
    (α).
    Adv.:

    non erit necesse id usque a capite arcessere: saepe etiam citra licet,

    not so far, Cic. Top. 9, 39:

    paucis citra milibus lignatores ei occurrunt,

    Liv. 10, 25, 4:

    citra quam proxime fuerint (defectus lunae),

    Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 86:

    citra exsultare,

    id. 17, 22, 35, § 180: tela citra cadebant (i. e. did not reach the Romans), Tac. H. 3, 23.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    nec a postremā syllabā citra tertiam,

    before the third syllable, Cic. Or. 18, 58 (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 30: acuta intra numerum trium syllabarum continetur); id. 8, 6, 76:

    cur Veneris stella numquam longius XLVI. portibus ab sole... abscedant, saepe citra eas ad solem reciprocent,

    Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72; 2, 17, 15, § 77.—
    b.
    Trop.
    (α).
    Adv. of measure:

    neve domi praesume dapes et desine citra Quam capias paulo,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 757; cf.:

    culta citra quam debuit illa,

    id. P. 1, 7, 55.—
    (β).
    With acc.: pronepos ego regis aquarum;

    Nec virtus citra genus est,

    is not behind my family, Ov. M. 10, 607:

    glans cum citra satietatem data est,

    not to satiety, Col. 7, 6, 5; cf. id. 9, 13, 2; so,

    fatigationem,

    Cels. 1, 2; cf. Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

    scelus,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 23:

    citra necem tua constitit ira,

    id. ib. 2, 127:

    usus citra intellectum acrimoniae,

    Plin. 19, 8, 54, § 171. —
    c.
    In time (with acc. rare;

    perh. not anteAug.): citra Kalendas Octobris,

    Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. Gell. 12, 13:

    Trojana tempora,

    Ov. M. 8, 365:

    juventam,

    id. ib. 10, 84:

    temporis finem,

    Dig. 49, 16, 15.—
    3.
    Since the Aug. per. (most freq. in Quint. and Pliny the elder; in the former more than twenty times), in gen. of that which does not belong to, is without, or beyond something, without, aside from, apart from, except, without regard to, setting aside (for the class. sine, praeter; hence the Gloss.: aneu sine, absque, praeter, citra, Gloss. Cyr.; citra dicha, chôris, ektos, Gloss. Phil.); with acc.:

    citra hoc experimentum multa sunt, quae, etc.,

    Col. 2, 2, 20:

    plus usus sine doctrinā, quam citra usum doctrina valet,

    Quint. 12, 6, 4:

    Phidias in ebore longe citra aemulum,

    id. 12, 10, 9:

    vir bonus citra virtutem intellegi non potest,

    id. 12, 2, 1; so,

    accusationem,

    id. 7, 2, 26; 3, 8, 21; 7, 10, 3:

    tranare aquas citra docentem natura ipsa sciunt,

    id. 2, 16, 13:

    citra invidiam,

    Plin. 7, 29, 30, § 108:

    citra ullum aliud incommodum,

    id. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

    citra dolorem,

    id. 12, 17, 40, § 79; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 4:

    morsum,

    Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

    vulnus,

    id. 20, 21, 84, § 225 al.:

    citra fidem,

    Tac. Agr. 1:

    citra speciem aut delectationem,

    id. G. 16:

    citra Senatūs populique auctoritatem,

    Suet. Caes. 28:

    commoda emeritorum,

    id. Aug. 24:

    spem omnium fortuna cessit,

    Flor. 3, 1, 2:

    etiam citra spectaculorum dies,

    i.e. even out of the time of the established spectacles, Suet. Aug. 43:

    citra magnitudinem prope Ponto similis,

    excepting its size, Mel. 1, 19, 17; Tac. Agr. 10; Quint. 2, 4, 22; so id. 7, 2, 13; Dig. 3, 6, 9: lana tincta fuco citra purpuras placet, Ov. Fragm. ap. Quint. 12, 10, 75.—Citra sometimes follows its case, Hor. S. 1, 1, 107; 1, 10, 31.—
    B.
    cī̆trō, adv. (orig. dat. sing.), always in the connection and position ultro citroque, ultro et citro, ultro ac citro, or without copula ultro citro (not ultroque citroque), hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, from both sides, backwards and forwards, reciprocally; Fr. par ci par là, ça et là (in good prose):

    ultro ac citro commeare,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 16:

    sursum deorsum, ultro citro commeantibus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 84: ultro citroque commeare, Auct. B. Afr. 20; Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 104; * Suet. Calig. 19; Lucr. 4, 32:

    qui ultro citroque navigarent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 170:

    cursare ultro et citro,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60 (in Prisc. p. 1011 P., perh. only from memory written ultro citroque):

    bis ultro citroque transcurrerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 7 al.:

    cum saepe ultro citroque legati inter eos mitterentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 42; id. B. C. 1, 20; Liv. 5, 8, 6:

    multis verbis ultro citroque habitis,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. Liv. 9, 45, 2; 7, 9, 2:

    beneficiis ultro citro datis acceptisque,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:

    ut obsides ultro citroque darentur,

    Liv. 44, 23, 2:

    datā ultro citroque fide,

    id. 29, 23, 5:

    inplicati ultro et citro vel usu diuturno vel etiam officiis,

    Cic. Lael. 22, 85 Klotz N. cr.: alternatis ultro citro aestibus, Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 29:

    ultro citroque versus,

    Amm. 30, 3, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > citer

  • 16 intentio

    intentĭo, ōnis, f. [intendo], a stretching out, straining, tension.
    I.
    Lit.:

    corporis,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

    nervorum,

    Col. 6, 6:

    vocis,

    Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 53:

    aëris,

    Gell. 5, 16, 2:

    intentionem aëris ostendent tibi inflata,... quid enim est vox nisi intentio aëris?

    Sen. Q. N. 2, 6, 3:

    et remissio motus,

    Gell. 18, 10:

    vultus,

    Tac. A. 16, 34.—
    B.
    Increase, augmentation:

    doloris,

    Sen. Ep. 78, 7:

    ve particula tum intentionem significat, tum minutionem,

    Gell. 16, 5, 5.—
    II. A.
    Exertion, effort:

    animus intentione sua depellit pressum omnem ponderum, opp. remissio,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54:

    animi,

    id. ib. 2, 27, 65:

    cogitationum,

    id. ib. 4, 2; id. Inv. 2, 14, 46:

    tantum curae intentionisque,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 5:

    ut libertatem revoces,

    id. Pan. 78 med.:

    ad intentiones capiendas habiliores,

    Gell. 15, 2, 5.—
    B.
    Attention, application to any thing:

    lusūs,

    to play, Liv. 4, 17:

    intentionem alicui accommodare,

    Sen. Ep. 113, 3:

    avocare ab intentione operis destinati,

    Quint. 10, 3, 23:

    rerum,

    id. 6, 3, 1:

    rei familiaris,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 2.—
    C.
    A design, purpose, intention:

    haec intentio tua ut libertatem revoces,

    Plin. Pan. 78:

    defuncti,

    Dig. 34, 1, 10; Ambros. de Jos. Patriarch. 11, 52; Aug. c. Mendac. 18.—
    D.
    A charge, accusation:

    intentio adversariorum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 43, 125:

    judiciale genus officiis constat duobus, intentionis ac depulsionis,

    Quint. 3, 9, 11; 7, 1, 9.— Hence,
    2.
    Esp., law t. t., that part of the formula or instruction given by the prætor to the court, setting forth the judgment or relief prayed for by a plaintiff in his complaint (cf. Sanders, Inst. of Just. introd. p. 65 sqq.):

    intentio est ea pars formulae qua actor desiderium suum concludit,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 41; 44 sq.;

    53 sq.: cum petitor intentionem suam perdiderit,

    Dig. 10, 4, 9, § 6: quod intentionis vestrae proprias afferre debeatis probationes, Vet. Consult. 6, 14 Huschke.—
    E.
    The first or major premise in a syllogism:

    ita erit prima intentio, secunda assumptio, tertia conexio,

    Quint. 5, 14, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > intentio

  • 17 plantatio

    plantātĭo, ōnis, f. [planto].
    I.
    A setting, planting, transplanting (post-Aug.), Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 17.—
    II.
    A plant set out or transplanted (late Lat.), Vulg. Isa. 17, 10; id. Matt. 15, 13.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > plantatio

  • 18 secerno

    sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

    Lucr. 2, 729:

    seorsum partem utramque,

    id. 3, 637:

    arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

    stamen secernit harundo,

    Ov. M. 6, 55:

    sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

    separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

    nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

    setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

    Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

    hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

    inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

    separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—
    (β).
    With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

    a terris altum secernere caelum,

    Lucr. 5, 446:

    ab aëre caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 23:

    Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

    muro denique secernantur a nobis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

    inermes ab armatis,

    Liv. 41, 3:

    militem a populo (in spectaculis),

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    se a bonis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

    se ab Etruscis,

    Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

    antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

    saepta ab aliis,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

    manus a nobis,

    Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

    sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    sucus a reliquo cibo,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

    bilis ab eo cibo,

    id. ib. al.:

    secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

    Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

    secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

    id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

    se e grege imperatorum,

    id. 35, 14 fin.:

    unum e praetextatis compluribus,

    Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

    monile ex omni gazā,

    id. Galb. 18:

    me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

    separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—
    II.
    Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

    set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

    sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

    animum a corpore,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

    ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

    sua a publicis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 57:

    haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

    Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

    cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

    publica privatis, sacra profanis,

    Hor. A. P. 397.—
    B.
    To distinguish, discern:

    blandum amicum a vero,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

    non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

    id. Top. 7, 31:

    nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

    turpi honestum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—
    C.
    To set aside, reject:

    cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

    minus idoneos senatores,

    Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 52:

    electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

    arva,

    Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

    solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

    Hor. A. P. 298:

    locus (opp. celeber),

    Quint. 11, 1, 47:

    montes,

    Ov. M. 11, 765:

    silva,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    litora,

    id. ib. 12, 196:

    pars domus (the gynaeceum),

    id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

    secretissimus locus (navis),

    Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

    iter (with semita),

    solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

    quies,

    Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

    invadit secretissimos tumultus,

    Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

    vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

    Tac. A. 11, 21:

    est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

    private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

    studia (opp. forum),

    id. 12, 6, 4:

    disputationes,

    id. 12, 2, 7:

    contentio,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

    cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

    Quint. 10, 7, 16:

    secreti longi causā,

    Ov. H. 21, 21:

    altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

    se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

    horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

    Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

    id. 1, 4, 5:

    cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

    haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

    into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —
    (β).
    Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

    tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

    Liv. 26, 19, 5:

    reus in secreto agebatur,

    Curt. 10, 4, 29.—
    2.
    That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

    secreta ducis pectora,

    Mart. 5, 5, 4:

    secretas advocat artes,

    Ov. M. 7, 138:

    ars,

    Petr. 3:

    litterae (with familiares),

    Quint. 1, 1, 29:

    carmina (the Sibylline odes),

    Luc. 1, 599:

    libidines,

    Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

    quaedam imperii pignora,

    Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

    nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

    Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

    libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

    Tac. Agr. 40:

    praemia (opp. publica largitio),

    id. H. 1, 24:

    aliud (nomen),

    Quint. 1, 4, 25:

    vitium stomachi,

    Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

    tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

    in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

    stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

    secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

    secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

    Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

    illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

    a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

    petito secreto futura aperit,

    Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

    crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

    Tac. A. 13, 18:

    animi secreta proferuntur,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

    nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

    omnium secreta rimari,

    Tac. A. 6, 3:

    horribile secretum,

    Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

    uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

    lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

    that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

    introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

    gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

    id. G. 22:

    oratio animi secreta detegit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

    (Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

    i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

    secretiora quaedam,

    magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

    in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

    among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—
    3.
    Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

    (figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

    glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

    id. 1, 8, 15).—
    4.
    In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

    nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

    Lucr. 1, 194:

    (corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

    id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

    de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

    Col. 11, 2, 25. —
    2.
    (Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.
    (α).
    sēcrē-tō:

    mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

    secreto illum adjutabo,

    id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

    secreto hoc audi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

    nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

    secreto te huc seduxi,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

    facere,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

    secreto ab aliis,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    secreto agere cum aliquo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—
    (β).
    sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin. —
    b.
    Comp.:

    secretius emittitur inflatio,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —
    (γ).
    sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secerno

  • 19 secretum

    sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

    Lucr. 2, 729:

    seorsum partem utramque,

    id. 3, 637:

    arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

    stamen secernit harundo,

    Ov. M. 6, 55:

    sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

    separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

    nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

    setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

    Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

    hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

    inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

    separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—
    (β).
    With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

    a terris altum secernere caelum,

    Lucr. 5, 446:

    ab aëre caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 23:

    Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

    muro denique secernantur a nobis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

    inermes ab armatis,

    Liv. 41, 3:

    militem a populo (in spectaculis),

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    se a bonis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

    se ab Etruscis,

    Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

    antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

    saepta ab aliis,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

    manus a nobis,

    Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

    sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    sucus a reliquo cibo,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

    bilis ab eo cibo,

    id. ib. al.:

    secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

    Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

    secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

    id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

    se e grege imperatorum,

    id. 35, 14 fin.:

    unum e praetextatis compluribus,

    Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

    monile ex omni gazā,

    id. Galb. 18:

    me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

    separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—
    II.
    Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

    set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

    sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

    animum a corpore,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

    ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

    sua a publicis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 57:

    haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

    Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

    cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

    publica privatis, sacra profanis,

    Hor. A. P. 397.—
    B.
    To distinguish, discern:

    blandum amicum a vero,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

    non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

    id. Top. 7, 31:

    nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

    turpi honestum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—
    C.
    To set aside, reject:

    cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

    minus idoneos senatores,

    Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 52:

    electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

    arva,

    Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

    solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

    Hor. A. P. 298:

    locus (opp. celeber),

    Quint. 11, 1, 47:

    montes,

    Ov. M. 11, 765:

    silva,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    litora,

    id. ib. 12, 196:

    pars domus (the gynaeceum),

    id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

    secretissimus locus (navis),

    Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

    iter (with semita),

    solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

    quies,

    Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

    invadit secretissimos tumultus,

    Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

    vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

    Tac. A. 11, 21:

    est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

    private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

    studia (opp. forum),

    id. 12, 6, 4:

    disputationes,

    id. 12, 2, 7:

    contentio,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

    cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

    Quint. 10, 7, 16:

    secreti longi causā,

    Ov. H. 21, 21:

    altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

    se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

    horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

    Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

    id. 1, 4, 5:

    cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

    haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

    into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —
    (β).
    Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

    tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

    Liv. 26, 19, 5:

    reus in secreto agebatur,

    Curt. 10, 4, 29.—
    2.
    That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

    secreta ducis pectora,

    Mart. 5, 5, 4:

    secretas advocat artes,

    Ov. M. 7, 138:

    ars,

    Petr. 3:

    litterae (with familiares),

    Quint. 1, 1, 29:

    carmina (the Sibylline odes),

    Luc. 1, 599:

    libidines,

    Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

    quaedam imperii pignora,

    Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

    nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

    Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

    libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

    Tac. Agr. 40:

    praemia (opp. publica largitio),

    id. H. 1, 24:

    aliud (nomen),

    Quint. 1, 4, 25:

    vitium stomachi,

    Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

    tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

    in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

    stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

    secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

    secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

    Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

    illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

    a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

    petito secreto futura aperit,

    Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

    crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

    Tac. A. 13, 18:

    animi secreta proferuntur,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

    nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

    omnium secreta rimari,

    Tac. A. 6, 3:

    horribile secretum,

    Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

    uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

    lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

    that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

    introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

    gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

    id. G. 22:

    oratio animi secreta detegit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

    (Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

    i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

    secretiora quaedam,

    magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

    in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

    among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—
    3.
    Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

    (figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

    glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

    id. 1, 8, 15).—
    4.
    In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

    nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

    Lucr. 1, 194:

    (corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

    id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

    de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

    Col. 11, 2, 25. —
    2.
    (Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.
    (α).
    sēcrē-tō:

    mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

    secreto illum adjutabo,

    id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

    secreto hoc audi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

    nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

    secreto te huc seduxi,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

    facere,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

    secreto ab aliis,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    secreto agere cum aliquo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—
    (β).
    sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin. —
    b.
    Comp.:

    secretius emittitur inflatio,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —
    (γ).
    sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secretum

  • 20 tensio

    tensĭo, ōnis, f. [tendo], a stretching, stretching out, extension (post-Aug. and very rare).
    I.
    In gen.: papilionum, a setting up, pitching, Hyg. Gromat. init.— Plur.: bracchia, quae in eas tensiones includuntur, Vitr 1, 1 med. —
    II.
    In partic., a tension or contraction of the nerves, as a disease:

    nervorum,

    Scrib. Comp. 101; 255:

    praecordiorum,

    id. ib. 260; Veg. Vet. 1, 53 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tensio

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